Frankenstein By Mary Shelley Story Essay Example For Students

Frankenstein By Mary Shelley Story Essay In the story Frankenstein, written by the author Mary Shelley, VictorFrankenstein decided that wanted to create a being out of people that werealready dead. He believed that he could bring people back from the grave. Playing with nature in such a way would make him play the role of God. WithVictor Frankenstein feeling that he had no true friends, the only relief he hadof expressing his feeling was through letters to Elizabeth. Elizabeth was notVictors true sister but he loved her very dearly, making sure to always writeher when ever he had the chance. Yet, when Victor left something strange cameover him. Already being interested in subjects such as natural philosophy andchemistry, he fall upon the question of how to bring someone back to life. Hebecame very involved in this project and worked on it for days on end. Theproject had to do with defying the laws of nature. Victor believe wholeheartedlythat he could bring the dead back to life. He felt that the dead were not readyto die and they were just resting. Victor became so self absorbed into hisproject that he seem to forget all that was important to him. He even disengagedhimself from all the people he loved in his life. People like his father ,Elizabeth, and other loved ones. Victor began to write less and less. Yet, itwas not until Elizabeth got a discouraged letter from Victor, did his love onesstart to wary about him. Though, the letter was full of words, it gave no reliefto Elizabeth, because the words meant nothing to her. However, they meant a lotto Victor, because he felt the project in which he was working on was soimportant to him, in his own delirious world. He felt that with bring peopleback to life he would not only better man kind, but also establish a name forhimself. With this type of attitude, he did not even take into considerationthat he might make the world a worse place. This part in the story shows theirony. The irony being that Victor Frankenstein feels he is doing something goodfor the world, but we later find out just how bad this creation could be. ThoughElizabeth wanted to pull Victor away from his project, he was unwilling to leaveuntil it is complete. After Victor found how to bring his creati on to life, healso found out just how evil his invention could be. His creation was strong andevil. With the escape of the monster, Victor Frankenstein had to come torealization of what his creation might do and the consequences thatFrankenstein, himself would have to deal with. With the murder of his brotherweighing the guilt on his shoulders, Frankenstein know he had to do something. So he went looking for the monster. Upon their meeting each other, the monsterconfessed that when he found out that William as Victors brother he killedhim. He then proceeded to tell him that he killed his brother due to the factthat he was trying to get back at his creator for bringing him to life andallowing him to be an out cast in society. This killing prove to Victor that themonster did not know right from wrong or how to cope with his anger. Thisaggression made Frankensteins creation violent. While talking with the monster,the monster demanded from Frankenstein to create a partner that he could be ableto live with away for society. At first, agreeing to the demand, but laterrealized that if his first creation came out to be a killer so could the secondone. With this in mind Frankenstein revoked his agreement and decided againstcreating another monster. Though, knowing that this decision could be dangerousto him and his loved ones. Yet, he had to think of what was truly best for mankind. Bringing the dead to life or saving the lives of the living. Another peaceof irony in this story is, just like Victor Frankenstein who had no friends andwas different from the rest of society so was the monster. Also, whenFrankenstein decided to play God and bring the dead to life, his creation tookon the same role when he decided to take away some ones life. All in all, bothFrankenstein and his creation had some of the same behaviors and both were goingto die themselves and be lonely meanwhile. .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346 , .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346 .postImageUrl , .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346 , .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346:hover , .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346:visited , .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346:active { border:0!important; } .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346:active , .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346 .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc2a68bea9a66fd49724c7d99abe32346:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Identify And Discuss The Elements Of Romanticism As Given Expression I EssayBook Reports

Social Inequality and Politics as Power for Political Science

Question: Discuss about theSocial Inequality and Politics as Power for Political Science. Answer: Many theorists have defined the term politics innumerable times over the centuries. Aristotle provided one of the first definitions of the term. According to him, politics is the natural tendency of humans to determine their position in the society, the attempt to instigate others to accept their opinions and the attempt to achieve overall wellbeing (Heywood, 2015). In the modern world, politics has assumed unimaginable definitions and power that has allowed both democrats and autocrats to mold the popular thinking. The essay will attempt to provide different definitions and explanations of politics and delve upon the different interpretations of the term over time. At first, the essay will provide the views of different political thinkers on politics. The essay will then focus on the definition of politics as power. Power as politics will be the main theme of the essay that will try to explain the politics behind social inequality. In defining politics as power, the essay will try to unearth the ways by which this power has contributed towards the issue of social inequality. In order to explain the role of power in politics, it is important to understand the concept of power. This assignment will also highlight and explain the concept of power and then analyze its role in resolving or escalating the issue of social inequality. Politics, as already stated, as been defined in numerous ways over time by different theorists. It is interesting to note that common people and people holding higher positions in the society have defined and interpreted politics differently. To a common citizen, politics is the abusive use of power by the ruling class whereas the ruling class saw politics as the way to exploit the working class. A better view of the term could be found through the definition given by renowned theorists. According to Johan Kaspar Bluntschli, politics is the science of watching the affairs of state, to fight for and understanding of the state and circumstances (Rosser, 2014). The theorist further define politics as the science, which tries to understand the state in its various forms or manifestations. Harold D Lasswells definition of politics in simple terms is the process of who gets what, when and how. This means that politics is the power sharing between people that depend upon the societal status (Durnova, Fischer and Zittoun, 2016). David Easton on the other hand defined politics as the authoritative allocation of values for a society. Easton is credited for introducing the systems theory into politics for the first time in 1953 (Easton, 2017). He attempted to combine science with politics in order to describe the patterns and processes of politics and its regularities in daily life. However, Lasswells definition has been widely accepted as the most apt explanation of politics. The contemporary theorists had a slightly different view of politics who considered it to be the philosophy that guides the modern nations. As per the views of David Held, the contemporary theory of politics occupies four different meanings. First is that politics is concerned with the normative and conceptual framework. Second is the view that politics is empirical. Thirdly, it is concerned with the study of the political concepts in a historical context and fourthly, politics is strategic that is, it concerns itself with the viability of being at the present position and the moving to a desired position. The following sections shall focus on the power relation of politics. The common notion amongst theorists or one can say, the underlying meaning of politics has always been associated with power. In the words of Kahler (2015), power in politics is possessed by those who have great network of people. In the book Networked politics: Agency, Power and Governance, the author talks about the networks that comprise traders, bankers and others across boundaries that hold power to change the politics of any nation or organization. Before going further into the topic, it is important to understand the concept of power. Power as numerous interpretations according to the field in which it is studied. In scientific terms, power relates to the ability of humans or any object to possess the energy to work. Power could be mechanical, electrical or technical. However, in terms of politics, power refers to the ability of certain individuals or groups to influence or control the behavior of others. Authority is the term that has been mostly associated with power in politics. Some people are said to be authorized to exert their decision on a wider populations. Authority thus refers to the right of an individual to exert power on a population or group of people based on his or her position in the society (Mailath, Morris and Postlewaite, 2017). Authority however has to be legitimate to consider it as the positive use of power. If authority is not legitimate as in case of dictatorship, power is used to fulfill the self-int erest of an individual. Therefore, it is important to understand the legitimacy of power and its use in resolving universal issues. When there is an unequal distribution of natural and other resources in the society, it is termed as social inequality. People who have been segregated as the backward class in any society face social inequality. Social inequality happens when an individual or group of people is denied the basic rights to education, livelihood and even the right to live (Cushing et al. 2015). Now, people may argue as to who carries out such activities that disallow a certain class of people the right to live as per their comfort. The answer to this is the people who possess the power to do so. The power might be a result of religious supremacy, gender supremacy, caste or ethnic supremacy. During the pre-World War era, social inequality was most strikingly visible in countries that had supremacy over the world. These included the United States, the United Kingdom and other European nations (Grinin, Korotayev and Tausch, 2016). Politics then was mostly about colonizing the weaker regions in order to gain maximum territorial power. Social inequality was at its peak in countries where the British Empire was ruling and in the USA where the African-American community were denied social rights. In the decades that followed, power began to shift from one side to the other through the realization of power itself. The examples are in abundance where the role of power shifted to give rise to a new kind of social inequality. In the South Asian nations like India, the British possessed the power to control the lives of the larger population. Although the Indians outnumbered the British, they still controlled the country for almost two hundred years with the power of politics. Ineq uality in every sphere beginning from civil services to the basic human needs like eating and living in humane conditions was denied. When the country was freed and it had its own people at the power positions, a different kind of inequality surfaced (Tyler, 2015). The people faced social inequalities in terms of caste and religion. Therefore, it is evident that power had a big role to play in the birth of social inequality and its gradual change. As time passed however, the presence of inequality in the society seemed to diminish slowly but gradually. As Goddard and Nexon (2015) point out, power politics in the contemporary world has been identified by the growing conscience of the so-called less powerful citizens towards social inequality. Earlier, unequal treatment to the politically, socially and economically weak people used to be carried out openly but now, the situation has changed. Inequality persists but it has taken a very different form. Unequal treatment to the politically less powerful nations like the South Asian nations in international organizations like the UN confirms this fact. In the UN, nations like the U.S. and the UK are given prominence in the decision-making process for other weaker nations because of their dominance in the global political sphere (Jolly, 2016). Power in politics can be explained through this decision-making process. Steve Lukes first introduced the three dimensions of power including power as decision-making in his seminal work titled Power: A Radical View (Dowding, 2006). The other two dimensions include power as agenda-setting and power as thought control that shall be discussed in the later sections. Decision-making power may be explained as the capacity to persuade decisions that affects both private and public life of an individual. It has mostly been observed that within the decision-making sphere, women are given least importance. This leads to social inequality based on gender. During the 1990s, women had less than 15% representation in the houses of parliament across nations whereas the figures for women heads of state in countries were limited to only 12. However, with the rise in power of women as equal social beings, this inequality was reduced but at a very slow rate. In 2015, womens representation in the house s of parliament went up to 22% while the number of heads of state went up to 19 (Unstats.un.org, 2018). These statistics showed that the power gained by women in the decision-making process witnessed a good progress. The decision-making power can also be understood through the functioning of governments in many countries both democratic and dictatorships. In countries like North Korea, social inequality is the most prevalent as the militarily and politically powerful dictator Kim Jong Un possesses the ultimate power to make even the basic decisions for people like what books should they read or which movies should they watch (Barry, 2016). After analyzing power as decision-making, it is important to understand power as agenda-setting. Now, agenda-setting is a theory that explains the ability to influence the significance put on the issues concerning public agenda. Bachrach and Baratz were the first theorists who introduced this concept of power (Baratz and Bachrach, 2017). Mostly, agenda setting power is vested in the media that uses this power to bring forth the topic in the public sphere that least concerns the people. Here also, the inherent power rests with the ruling class that exerts its power on the media and compels it to hide the controversial issues from the public eye. Social inequality is an issue that is inherent in almost every nation and using this agenda-setting power, the powerful class manages to subdue it. The voices of the deprived class remain unheard. The third and the most influential dimension of power is thought-control. According to Lukes, real power is when someone is able to control the thought of another individual in such way that the other individual does whatever that someone wants him to do. The powerful class transforms the powerless class in a way that the powerless class obliges the orders of the powerful class without showing any coercion or opposition. Power as thought-control forces the weak individual to accept his or her special status thinking that this is what she or he deserves. The agenda-setting power of Bachrach and Baratz has been rejected by Lukes because he believes that power is not when someone manages to come out victorious from a conflict situation. Power is demonstrated when someone manages to prevent the rise of any conflict. Social inequality is a conflict situation and to make it a situation or a thought that has no significance is the power that most governments in the past have done (Abadie, D iamond and Hainmueller, 2015). To conclude, it can be stated that social inequality is an evil that has been suppressed for ages in most countries with the use of power politics. The essay provided an explanation of politics and its interpretation by different theorists. Politics can be said to be the mechanism by which governments rule their subjects and take care of their needs. On the other hand, politics can also be defined as the instruments of power by which the powerful ruling class forces the weaker class to surrender to the powerful class. The essay elaborated on the use of politics as an instrument of power by which the problem of social inequality has been suppressed. In the essay, the three dimensions of power have been explained as well. Further, the use of these dimensions of power to suppress the voices of the weaker class against the unequal status in society has been elaborated. References: Abadie, A., Diamond, A. and Hainmueller, J., 2015. Comparative politics and the synthetic control method.American Journal of Political Science,59(2), pp.495-510. Baratz, M.S. and Bachrach, P., 2017. Two Paces of Power. InParadigms of Political Power(pp. 118-131). Routledge. Barry, M.P., 2016. On a US President meeting Kim Jong UN: the importance of senior-level engagement.International Journal on World Peace,33(3), p.79. Cushing, L., Morello-Frosch, R., Wander, M. and Pastor, M., 2015. The haves, the have-nots, and the health of everyone: the relationship between social inequality and environmental quality.Annual Review of Public Health,36. Dowding, K., 2006. Three-dimensional power: A discussion of Steven Lukes' Power: A radical view.Political studies review,4(2), pp.136-145. Durnova, A., Fischer, F. and Zittoun, P., 2016. Discursive Approaches to Public Policy: Politics, Argumentation, and Deliberation. InContemporary Approaches to Public Policy(pp. 35-56). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Easton, D., 2017. The condition of american political science. InBehavioralism in political science(pp. 22-37). Routledge. Goddard, S.E. and Nexon, D.H., 2015. The dynamics of global power politics: A framework for analysis.Journal of Global Security Studies,1(1), pp.4-18. Grinin, L., Korotayev, A. and Tausch, A., 2016. Kondratieff waves in the world system perspective. InEconomic Cycles, Crises, and the Global Periphery(pp. 23-54). Springer, Cham. Heywood, A., 2015.Political theory: an introduction. Palgrave Macmillan. Jolly, R., 2016. 23. Inequality: a historical issue within the United Nations System.World social science report, 2016: Challenging inequalities; pathways to a just world, p.118. Kahler, M. ed., 2015.Networked politics: agency, power, and governance. Cornell University Press. Mailath, G.J., Morris, S. and Postlewaite, A., 2017. Laws and authority.Research in Economics,71(1), pp.32-42. Rosser, C., 2014. Johann Caspar Bluntschli's Organic Theory of State and Public Administration.Administrative Theory Praxis,36(1), pp.95-110. Tyler, I., 2015. Classificatory struggles: Class, culture and inequality in neoliberal times.The Sociological Review,63(2), pp.493-511. Unstats.un.org, 2018.POWER AND DECISION-MAKING. [online] Available at: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/gender/downloads/ch5_power_and_decision_info.pdf [Accessed 30 Apr. 2018].

How To Choose Online Essay Topics

How To Choose Online Essay TopicsFree online essay topics are a great way to practice for your exams. Many students use free online essay topics to study for their exams. The power of the Internet and information technology has changed how students study. Students no longer need to sit in front of a computer all day, writing essays and reviewing for tests.It has become necessary for students to save time and money by taking advantage of free online essay topics. Students who want to focus on essay topics in the shortest amount of time should try to use online essay topics. There are hundreds of free essay topics available on many sites. Many students take advantage of this site and get started immediately.Many free online essay topics are based on questions that have been asked before. They are meant to test your knowledge of the topic and help you develop it further. You can actually test your knowledge on these topics and review your written work before you start taking an exam.Whe n taking a free online essay topics test, it is important to understand the format correctly. Some essay topics are based on specific events or relationships, while others are general. You have to be aware of this when choosing your free online essay topics. You should select the ones that will give you the most information to write on. You should make sure that the topics are not too easy or too difficult to your level.Many students prefer to use essays that have a structure with essay topics that focus on one or two themes. You can then review them in the time allowed after the test. Using online essay topics is very beneficial to get a feel for the subject, while at the same time studying more efficiently.Free online essay topics can sometimes take longer than the normal exam. However, they allow you to have a feeling for the subject and make notes on the topics. They also help you keep track of your assignments, as well as helping you prepare for exams.While taking a free online essay topics, it is important to have patience. Keep track of your progress. You may need to take more than one test, depending on how much information you have learned from the essay topic.

Six ways of being religious

The Aspern Papers Essays

The Aspern Papers Essays The Aspern Papers Essay The Aspern Papers Essay This obsession results in arrogance and greed, consuming the Narrator and leading to his ultimate regret. I. The Balance of Value and Privacy There is little reason to think that this story is meant to highlight the balance between value and privacy. Although the Narrator and his partner find great value in the works of Jeffrey Aspire, there is very little indication that others share in this desire to see the works. In fact, the Narrator himself mentions, after referring to Aspire as a God, that he and his partner had recognized IM most. 1 Additionally, Mrs.. Preset knew nothing of the significance of Miss Bordeaux in spite of having lived in Venice for 15 years. Mrs.. Preset also recognizes the Narrators obsession when mentioning that the Narrator appeared to be seeking the answer to the riddle of the universe. 2 This is not to say that Jeffrey Aspire is not well known or that his papers would not have been sought by others Miss Bordeaux mentions he was all the fashion3 when she was young but it is unlikely that his desire to make the papers public potentially justifies his deception. Not only is there a lack of reason to believe that the papers hold great value to others, there is little reason to think that privacy considerations of Miss Bordeaux are meant to be compelling. There is an expectation of privacy with matters and documents that individuals choose to keep private, if even for the simple fact that they should have the ability to do so. This is especially true of valuables and personal mementos. However, James downplays the importance of the papers being kept secret. Although Tina mentions that Miss Bordeaux loves them4 and is Very fond f them,5 she says nothing to imply that Miss Bordeaux would be particularly upset if others had read the papers. In fact, Tina reveals that Miss Bordeaux fondly talked Of Aspire twenty years ago and Tina mentions that she did not believe anything in the papers would be painful to Miss Bordeaux. Although Miss Bordeaux likely knew for a considerable time that the Narrator was scheming to get the papers, she presents him with the portrait of Aspire. She knows that showing him the portrait will only increase the danger of the papers being taken, which indicates that concealing the papers was not the most important consideration for her. Rather, it seems that Miss Borderlands primary motivation in her dealings with the Narrator is to acquire as much pecuniary profit as possible. The Narrator remarks multiple times that her interest in money was off-putt Eng, mentioning that he couldnt get used to the idea that this vision of pecuniary profit was most what drew out the divine Juliann. 6 Additionally, after Miss Bordeaux dies, Tina mentions that she believes Miss Bordeaux meant to tell her that she would have approved of the Narrator having the papers if he married Tina. Miss Bordeaux is not concerned with keeping the papers hidden for her privacy, but instead she keeps them hidden because she does not want to give anything away freely that she could instead use to enhance her financial standing and Titans wellbeing. Although we can not be sure of Miss Borderlands intent, James absolutely fails to highlight the importance to Miss Bordeaux that the papers be kept secret. Lastly, James leaves little question as to whether the Narrators actions are warranted. The Narrator himself admits that he is sorry for the hypocrisy and duplicity that he must engage in, UT that he has no other option than to continue his course. He does not attempt to use the need for the papers as a justification of his actions, but merely the reason for them. The Narrators actions are clearly objectionable, as evidenced by his thoughts that he could sleep with Tina to mask his deception and that he enjoyed the idea that Miss Bordeaux could die at any moment, giving him the opportunity to pounce on her possessions. 7 The lack of known value of the papers, the lack of showing that their revelation would cause harm, and the obviousness that the Narrators actions are unethical indicate that it was not James intent for the reader to struggle with whether or not the Narrator is validated in seeking the papers by deception. However, most readers still sympathize with the publishing sco undrel. 8 II. The Curse of Obsession While driven by his obsession, leading him to deceive and attempt to steal, the Narrator fails in the very way he feared he might upon arriving at the home. As he predicts, it leaves him without another arrow/ for his bow. This defeat, and the reason we feel so connected to the Narrator in his quest s likely what led James to remark in the preface that he might have looked up Miss Claremont had he known of her whereabouts and he luckily not had to deal with the difficult option. 10 Although the Narrator overcomes nearly every obstacle along the way, he does so at significant cost. Because the Narrator misreads Miss Borderlands and Titans abilities, he thinks he is being cunning and deceptive, all the while falling into Miss Borderlands traps. Initially, he desires to be housed by Miss Bordeaux, however he pays roughly 10 times the value of the lodging. He also desires to be seen by her, which exults in purchasing additional flowers for the garden. Later, he wishes to see a portrait of Aspire and makes that known to Tina. Subsequently, Miss Bordeaux presents the portrait in the garden but keeps it from his possession. At each of these obstacles, he pays greatly or provides information about his motives and plans without gaining significant information in return. Miss Bordeaux does not show him the portrait because he wants to see it, but because she wants him to see it. Has he no reason to think that Tina made his request known to Miss Bordeaux and she knew that he was seeking the papers? He absolutely does, but he is unable to look past the urge to obtain the papers and see that he faces a true adversary in Miss Bordeaux. Not only does each victory cost the Narrator greatly, he also suffers when finally achieving his goals. At the very beginning of the story he mentions to Mrs.. Preset that he had been unable to touch the hands of someone Aspire had touched or look into a single pair of eyes into which his had looked. 1 1 He ends up beholding Miss Borderlands extraordinary eyes at the cost Of being caught in the act of trying to find the papers and being horribly ashamed. 2 In the end, he acquires the portrait of Aspire that he wanted, however it represents a very painful memory, such that whenever he looks at it he can scarcely bear [his] loss. 13 What he has lost is perhaps the most debated topic of the story. The Narrator overcomes all of the obstacles he faced in his quest to get the papers, however when presented with the opportunity to discover them, he is unab le to meet the request of marrying Tina. All of his work and deception has led him to the very moment where all he needs to do is accept, but he slips. Are the papers the loss he IS referring to? Or is it perhaps the opportunity to marry Tina? Many possibilities can be offered as the reason for his loss, which is why the Narrator clarifies to the reader that he is referring to the papers. Regardless of the reason for his loss, the reflection and honest statement that he can scarcely bare the loss makes it clear that he has suffered greatly through these endeavors. But shouldnt we view this as him getting his just deserts? Although he acts badly in attempting to acquire the papers, James makes it clear that the Narrator is not a bad person generally.

Canterbury Television Building Collapse Assignment

Canterbury Television Building Collapse - Assignment Example vely under-productive for the first 5 months until February 22, 2011, when an aftershock occurred 7 km northwest of the city of Christchurch and caused 185 deaths and over 7,000 injuries. A major part of the 185 confirmed deaths are due to the collapse of the mid-rise reinforced concrete (RC) office building in the CBD known as Canterbury Television Building (CTV). 75% of the occupants in this 6 storey building died. 2. Analysis of Case Study This is a report on the key role players and stake holders in the Canterbury Television Building (CTV) collapse incident. The report concludes with conclusions and recommendations. 2.1 Key Role Players The following is a list of persons/institutions that played a pivotal role in the creation of the CTV building. 2.1.1 Consulting Engineer Mr. Reay, the Consulting Engineer, should have paid more attention to the work that was undertaken viz. the construction of the CTV building. Though he had high academic qualifications he did not spend reasonabl e time in the project i.e. he had a hands-off approach to it. 2.1.2 Structural Engineers Mr. Henry and Mr. Harding were employed by Mr. Reay in the capacity of structural engineers. Mr. Reay wanted them to design medium height multi-storeyed buildings. Mr. Henry was with Mr. Reay for a year, whereas Mr. Harding had two stints with Mr. Reay. 2.1.3 Structural Draughts men Many draughtsmen worked on preparing structural drawings for the CTV building project. After the engineer made the architectural drawings, the draughtsmen worked out the dimensions. 2.1.4 Deputy Building Engineer - 1 Mr. Graeme Tapper, was the deputy building engineer for Christchurch City Council (CCC). He raised the structural issue of the connection of the floors (diaphragms) to the north wall complex with Mr. Reay’s... This is a report on the key role players and stake holders in the Canterbury Television Building (CTV) collapse incident. The report concludes with conclusions and recommendations. The following is a list of persons/institutions that played a pivotal role in the creation of the CTV building. Mr. Reay, the Consulting Engineer, should have paid more attention to the work that was undertaken viz. the construction of the CTV building. Though he had high academic qualifications he did not spend reasonable time in the project i.e. he had a hands-off approach to it.Mr. Henry and Mr. Harding were employed by Mr. Reay in the capacity of structural engineers. Mr. Reay wanted them to design medium height multi-storeyed buildings. Mr. Henry was with Mr. Reay for a year, whereas Mr. Harding had two stints with Mr. Reay. Many draughtsmen worked on preparing structural drawings for the CTV building project. After the engineer made the architectural drawings, the draughtsmen worked out the dimension s. Mr. Graeme Tapper, was the deputy building engineer for Christchurch City Council (CCC). He raised the structural issue of the connection of the floors (diaphragms) to the north wall complex with Mr. Reay’s firm. Mr. Bryan Bluck was the building engineer for CCC at the time of the CTV Building. Reay convinced him that Tapper’s objections (see 2.1.4) were unfounded. Tapper was asked to sign on the design at Bluck’s behest. As found in the Summary and Recommendations in Volumes 5-7 & Section 6: Technical discussions on structure, Mr. Leo O’ Loughlin was the building inspector for CCC in the central city area at that time. He received the building permit application for the construction of the CTV building. He would check the documents provided with the application for missing information. He would also review parts of plans for legal compliance.

Risk factors for post traumatic stress disorder Essay

Risk factors for post traumatic stress disorder - Essay Example Furthermore, hyper arousal symptoms refer to being skittish, hyper vigilance, irritability, anger outbursts and difficulty in sleeping and relaxing. This life affecting condition is distressing, weakening and a big hindrance for a person to achieve his outmost capacity. Generally, treatment for this disorder is medication, cognitive behavioral therapy or the combination of both. Traumas are unforeseen disturbing incidents that bring forth different reactions from people. While different people have various mechanisms in coping with traumatic experiences, some people do tend to develop the post-traumatic stress disorder due to the intense emotional impact of traumas. There is however various possible risk factors that contribute to the development of post traumatic stress disorder. Numerous studies are emerging to learn more of these existing risk factors. This paper then is a discussion of some recent studies done on gender, socio-economic status and preexisting psychological conditions as risk factors for developing post traumatic stress disorder. It is clear that the men and women of a general population do differ not only in physiological and biological aspects but in a social level as well. Emotional and psychological vulnerability differ because men and women react to experiences in clearly much different ways. In a study done by Davidson, Kigamwa, Nicholls, Njenga and Nyamai (2004), a group of people were studied within three months after a terrorist attack. These people were first hand witnesses to "the bombing of the US embassy in Nairobi, Kenya, on a busy Friday morning in August 1998". The bombing resulted to 220 dead people and injuries to thousands of people. The 2, 627 respondents to the study were mostly made up of educated and professional individuals. Of the people included in the study, 47% consisted of women and more than half of the women were married and pregnant at the time of the bombing. The study established that there were 35% of the population sample that coincided with post traumatic stress disorder symptoms after the test results was summarized. Factors related with the analysis were associated primarily with the subjects having the female gender along with unmarried status and less education. For post traumatic stress disorder, gender should be regarded with more attention and understanding because according to Gavranidou and Rosner's (2003) findings in their review of recent studies, "men experience traumatic events more often, women and men differ in the type of traumatic experiences , and women more often develop post traumatic stress disorder after the experience of a traumatic event". Men and women differ in the type of traumatic experiences because, "women more often experience sexual abuse and rape, whereas men are more frequently traumatized by physical attacks and serious accidents" (Gavranidou and Rosner, 2003). In addition, there were also no definite differences with respect to gender in the accounted traumatic incidents such as death of a loved one or natural disasters in the studies reviewed by the two researchers. Each